Angel Patriots

When United Flight 93, the fourth plane hijacked in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, the gash it left in the ground became a national site of mourning. The flight's 40 passengers became a media obsession, and countless books, movies, and articles told the tale of their heroic fight to band together and sacrifice their lives to stop Flight 93 from becoming a weapon of terror.

In Angel Patriots, Alexander Riley argues that by memorializing these individuals as patriots, we have woven them into much larger story of our nation-an existing web of narratives, values, dramatic frameworks, and cultural characters about what it means to be truly American. Riley examines the symbolic impact and role of the Flight 93 disaster in the nation's collective consciousness, delving into the spontaneous memorial efforts that blossomed in Shanksville immediately after the news of the crash spread; the ad-hoc sites honoring the victims that in time emerged, such as a Parks Department-maintained memorial close to the crash site and a Flight 93 Chapel created by a local Catholic priest; and finally, the creation of an official, permanent crash monument in Shanksville like those built for past American wars.

Riley also analyzes the cultural narratives that evolved in films and in books around the events on the day of the crash and the lives and deaths of its angel patriot passengers, uncovering how these representations of the event reflect the myth of the authentic American nation-one that Americans believed was gravely threatened in the September 11 attacks.

A profound and thought-provoking study, Angel Patriots unveils how, in the wake of 9/11, America mourned much more than the loss of life. Review: Alexander Riley's Angel Patriots is an engaging account of the cultural processes through which the meanings, narratives, and memory of United Flight 93 are constructed and reconstructed. -Sociology of Religion A profound and thought-provoking study, Angel Patriots unveils how, in the wake of 9/11, America mourned much more than the loss of life. -Daily American Alexander Riley's Angel Patriots is an engaging account of the cultural processes through which the meanings, narratives, and memory of the United Flight 93 are constructed and reconstructed. -Sociology of Religion Angel Patriots is essential reading for anyone interested in American national identity or collective memory.

Alexander Riley's vivid and well-informed account of how Flight 93 has been remembered captures the myth-making process in action, and his analysis of sacred totems, redemptive heroes, and sacrificial ritual reinvigorates our understanding of civil religion. -Lyn Spillman,author, Nation and Commemoration: Creating National Identity in the United States and Australia