A Theory Of Political Obligation

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Margaret Gilbert offers an incisive new approach to a classic problem of political philosophy: when and why should I do what the laws of my country tell me to do? Beginning with carefully argued accounts of social groups in general and political societies in particular, the author argues that in central, standard senses of the relevant terms membership in a political society in and of itself obligates one to support that society's political institutions.

The obligations in question are not moral requirements derived from general moral principles, as is often supposed, but a matter of one's participation in a special kind of commitment: joint commitment. An agreement is sufficient but not necessary to generate such a commitment. Gilbert uses the phrase 'plural subject' to refer to all of those who are jointly committed in some way.

She therefore labels the theory offered in this book the plural subject theory of political obligation. The author concentrates on the exposition of this theory, carefully explaining how and in what sense joint commitments obligate. She also explores a classic theory of political obligation -- actual contract theory -- according to which one is obligated to conform to the laws of one's country because one agreed to do so.

She offers a new interpretation of this theory in light of a theory of plural subject theory of agreements. She argues that actual contract theory has more merit than has been thought, though the more general plural subject theory is to be preferred. She compares and contrasts plural subject theory with identification theory, relationship theory, and the theory of fair play.

She brings it to bear on some classic situations of crisis, and, in the concluding chapter, suggests a number of avenues for related empirical and moral inquiry. Clearly and compellingly written, A Theory of Political Obligation will be essential reading for political philosophers and theorists. Review: Margaret Gilberts A Theory of Political Obligation is an incredibly rich work on an important topic.

Gilbert has written a series of influential and important articles on the nature of social groups and joint action, and all of her work in those articles is impressively synthesised and developed here into what is surely one of the most innovative and intriguing accounts of political obligation currently on offer.

Her book repays careful study, and any adequate reply would itself have to take the form of a book. Diane Jeske, Jurisprudence [a] rich, comprehensive, ambitious and admirably clear book...Her great achievement is to remind us that, by virtue of the fact that there is, or ought to be , a place for joint intentional phenomena in our 'folk' theories of mind and action, concepts like those of authority, punishment, rights and ownership have a home in those 'folk' theories too: these concepts are not the sole province of law and state politics.

For this reason, philosophers of many different specialisms ought to ponder Gilbert's book. Thomas H. Smith, Mind Journal Does membership in a political society, in and of itself, involve obligations to uphold that societys political institutions? Margaret Gilbert offers a novel argument in defense of an affirmative answer to this question ...

As a renewed and improved defense of two historical accounts rarely given much credence today, namely an argument by appeal to conceptual analysis and an argument by appeal to actual consent, Gilberts book deserves the attention of all those concerned with the topic of political obligation. Moreover, given her intriguing analysis of a wide range of social phenomena, including promises and agreements, Gilberts book merits the attention of a wider audience as well.

David Lefkowitz, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews