Steam Engine Theory And Practice

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STEAMrENGINE THEORY AND PRACTICE BY WILLIAM RIPPER, C. H. D. ENG. SHEFFIELD, HON. D. SC. ENG. BRISTOL MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PROFESSOR OF ENGINEERING AND LATE VICE-CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD WITH 496 ILLUSTRATIONS NEW IMPRESSION LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON FOURTH AVENUE SOiyi STREET, NEW YORK BOMBAY, CALCUTTA, AND MADRAS 1920 A If rights reserved BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE First Edition . ... .

November, i Second Edition .... . . Angus, 7907 Third Edition ... .... October, Fourth Edition . October, 1 t Fifth Edition .... .... January, Repnntui . Ncvcinber, Sixth Edition . . . .... June, 1912 Seventh Edition .... . . October, IQ Reprinted . ....... March, 1920 TO Sill FREDERICK MAPPIN, BART., M.

P. CHAIRMAN fF THE TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SHEFFIELD AS A TRIBUTE TO HIS LONG AND VALUED SERVICES IN PROMOTING THE STUDY OF SCIENCE AS APPLIED TO INDUSTRY THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR PREFACE THIS book is written as a sequel to the authors elementary book on Steam. It was prepared in the first instance as notes for the second-year engineering students in this college, and deals, in as simple a form as possible, with those branches of the subject which are of fundamental importance to a sound knowledge of steam-engine design and management.

Modern students of steam engineering have a great advantage over their predecessors, in possessing such a wealth of recorded practical experience as appears in the Proceedings of the Engineering Institu tions, as well as in the Technical Journals, and the writer has to express his personal indebtedness to all these sources ofinformation in the preparation of this book.

The assistance received is acknowledged, as far as possible, throughout. Special attention has been given to the subject of the heat quantities involved in the generation and use of steam. For this purpose the temperature-entropy diagram has been used, and its applications in the solution of a number of ordinary everyday problems exemplified.

In this connection, as well as for many beautiful graphical methods of illustration now employed by engineers, students and teachers of the subject are greatly indebted to the work of Mr. J. Macfarlane Gray, Capt. H. Eiall Sankey, the late P. W. Willans, and many others. The writer desires to express his personal indebtedness to Capt.

Sankey for his kindness in supplying him with copies of his temperature - entropy chart, which appears for the first time, as Plate I. of this book. This chart has gone through an interesting process of evolution since the occasion when Mr. J. Macfarlane Gray read his paper at the Paris meeting of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in July, 1889, viii PREFACE. c On the Rationalization of Regnaults Steam Experiments, describing and explaining the use of the steam and water lines of the temperature entropy chart.

Since that time Capt. Sankey has added lines of constant pressure, and constant volume in 1892 and more recently also the scales of total heat and internal energy, as well as the chart for the superheat ed-st earn field. All these additions now appear upon the chart as shown in Plate I. of this book.

Other subjects dealt with include the compound engine, superheated steam, and superheaters, the use of high steam-pressures, valve gears, steam-engine governors, flywheels, and other engine details. There are also chapters on the balancing of engines, and steam-engine per formance, embodying the most recent results obtained from all classes of engines and on modern steam-engine design, including the Corliss mill engine, the modern quick-revolution engine, the marine engine, and the locomotive.

The author here desires to express his acknowledgments to Mr. T. Scott King for the valuable original designs, both of engine details and complete engines, which he has prepared for the author specially for this book also to Mr...